Which statement describes passive remote sensing?

Passive remote sensing is characterized by its ability to detect natural energy that is reflected or emitted from the Earth's surface. This methodology relies on available sources of light, particularly sunlight, which can be reflected off various features on the ground, such as land, water, or vegetation. The sensors involved in passive remote sensing collect this reflected energy, which is inherently present, rather than generating their own signals.

The distinction of passive remote sensing lies in its non-active role; it captures signals that occur as part of the natural environment. This type of remote sensing is widely used in various applications, including environmental monitoring, land use, and climate studies because it utilizes the available energy from the sun and captures the subsequent reflections.

Options that describe active sensing methods, such as those that emit signals, are not representative of passive remote sensing. Additionally, passive remote sensing is not restricted to satellite observations alone; ground-based and aerial platforms can also utilize passive sensing techniques. Lastly, there is no requirement for contact with the Earth's surface, as passive remote sensing can operate from distances above ground, including from space. This versatility enhances its applicability in numerous scientific and practical contexts.