What scientific focus areas does the Terra satellite cover?

The Terra satellite focuses on a variety of critical scientific areas, which include atmospheric composition, biogeochemistry, climate change, and the water cycle. This multifaceted approach is essential because it allows researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the Earth’s systems and how they interact with each other.

Atmospheric composition is crucial for monitoring pollutants, greenhouse gases, and their implications for air quality and climate. Biogeochemistry involves studying the chemical processes and interactions between biological and geological systems, which can inform us about ecosystem health and nutrient cycling. Climate change assessments benefit from Terra's ability to collect long-term data on temperature, cloud cover, and reflection of sunlight, providing insights into trends and shifts in the Earth's climate. Lastly, the water cycle is vital as it governs weather patterns, freshwater availability, and ecosystem dynamics.

The other options do not encompass the full range of Terra's capabilities. Focusing solely on climate change, the water cycle, or even just atmospheric composition represents an incomplete picture of the satellite’s mission and the numerous environmental processes it monitors. By integrating data across these varied scientific domains, Terra enables a holistic perspective on Earth’s health and advancing our understanding of global change.