What is meant by "spectral resolution" in remote sensing?

Spectral resolution refers to the capability of a remote sensing sensor to differentiate between various wavelengths of light. In remote sensing, sensors capture electromagnetic radiation, and different materials (such as water, vegetation, and urban structures) reflect and absorb different wavelengths in distinctive patterns. High spectral resolution means a sensor can detect and distinguish narrow bands of wavelengths, allowing for more precise identification and classification of materials. This capability is crucial for applications such as mineral detection, vegetation analysis, and water quality monitoring, where differentiating between subtle spectral signatures is essential for accurate data interpretation.

In contrast, the other options focus on different aspects of remote sensing. Observing motion over time pertains to temporal resolution, the ability to detect the smallest objects relates to spatial resolution, and accuracy in spatial measurements is concerned with positional accuracy rather than spectral differentiation.