What are spectral bands in remote sensing?

Spectral bands in remote sensing refer to specific ranges of wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum that sensors use to capture data. Each band corresponds to a particular range of wavelengths, which allows the sensor to detect and measure various characteristics of the Earth's surface and atmosphere.

This specificity is critical because different materials (such as water, vegetation, and urban areas) reflect, absorb, or transmit electromagnetic energy differently across various wavelengths. By capturing data across multiple spectral bands, scientists can analyze these variations to gain insights into land cover, vegetation health, water quality, and other environmental parameters.

Understanding spectral bands is fundamental in remote sensing applications, including satellite imagery analysis and environmental monitoring, where precise wavelength measurements help distinguish between different surface materials and conditions.