Do satellites orbit pole to pole or around the equator?

The correct response is that some satellites indeed orbit pole to pole, which describes a specific type of satellite orbit known as a polar orbit. In a polar orbit, the satellite passes over the Earth's poles, allowing it to cover the entire surface of the Earth over time as the planet rotates beneath it. This orientation is particularly effective for gathering data and imagery of the Earth because it enables the satellite to observe the entire surface regularly.

Polar orbits are commonly used for Earth observation satellites, weather satellites, and reconnaissance satellites because they provide comprehensive coverage of the Earth's surface, facilitating monitoring of land, ocean, and atmosphere.

In contrast, satellites that orbit around the equator are typically in geostationary orbits, which keep them fixed over a specific point along the equator. These satellites are ideal for communication, broadcasting, or weather monitoring but do not cover the entire surface of the Earth over time like polar orbiting satellites.

The options suggesting both directions or neither are not applicable in the context of how satellites are generally placed in orbit for these purposes.